The Cairn Podcast: Marking the Trail for Veterinarians

Happy National Heartworm Awareness month! Join us as we discuss cardiorenal syndrome and dive into some of the unusual heartworm positive cases we have seen in April.
Before diving into our cases, we discuss pathophysiology of heartworm-induced renal disease, prevalence of heartworm disease, current treatment options for heartworm disease, and the interplay of the cardiovascular and renal systems.
References are available on our website.

Dr. Goldman and Dr. Hall discuss how veterinary point of care ultrasound techniques can be employed to benefit veterinary patients. AFAST, TFAST and VetBLUE are standardized focused ultrasound protocols currently offered through FASTVet.
We also discuss several veterinary studies examining the accuracy of these techniques and how they can be used in complement with other diagnostics, in various abdominal, pulmonary and cardiac disease states.
The full Episode 8 bibliography is available on our website.

Join us for Part 2 of the epic ALKP discussion! Today we conclude our discussion with Dr. Tristan Weinkle, DVM, DACVIM board certified in small animal internal medicine (SAIM), private practice clinician, and owner/founder of Sonant Veterinary Imaging and Education to talk about the mysteries of the liver, focusing on diseases that influence ALKP dominant enzymology.
Episode Resources and References:
Please visit our website for Dr. Weinkle's accompanying slides
Cortright CC, Center SA, Randolph JF, McDonough SP, Fecteau KA, Warner KL, Chiapella AM, Pierce RL, Graham AH, Wall LJ, Heidgerd JH, Degen MA, Lucia PA, Erb HN. Clinical features of progressive vacuolar hepatopathy in Scottish Terriers with and without hepatocellular carcinoma: 114 cases (1980-2013). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014 Oct 1;245(7):797-808. doi: 10.2460/javma.245.7.797. PMID: 25229531.
De Marco V, Noronha KSM, Casado TC, Nakandakare ER, Florio JC, Santos EZ, Gilor C.
Therapy of Canine Hyperlipidemia with Bezafibrate. J Vet Intern Med. 2017 May;31(3):717-722. doi: 10.1111/jvim.14701. Epub 2017 Apr 6. PMID: 28382723; PMCID: PMC5435059.
Griebie ER, David FH, Ober CP, Feeney DA, Anderson KL, Wuenschmann A, Jessen CR.
Evaluation of canine hepatic masses by use of triphasic computed tomography and B-mode, color flow, power, and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography and correlation with histopathologic classification. Am J Vet Res. 2017 Nov;78(11):1273-1283. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.78.11.1273. PMID: 29076364.
Hall-Fonte DL, Center SA, McDonough SP, Peters-Kennedy J, Trotter TS, Lucy JM, Berger E, Byers C, Cummings CG, Burke E, Stegemen J, Pintar J, Kantrowitz L, Sharpe K, Weinkle T. Hepatocutaneous syndrome in Shih Tzus: 31 cases (1996-2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2016 Apr 1;248(7):802-13. doi: 10.2460/javma.248.7.802. PMID: 27003022.
Kim C, Loftus JP, Huson HJ. Low alanine aminotransferase activity gene variant in a Siberian Husky with copper-associated hepatopathy. BMC Vet Res. 2023 Aug 7;19(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s12917-023-03681-6. PMID: 37550687; PMCID: PMC10405506. Miceli DD, Guevara JM, Ferraris S, Pignataro OP, Gallelli MF. Therapy for feline secondary hypertriglyceridemia with fenofibrate. J Feline Med Surg. 2022 Aug;24(8):e251-e257. doi: 10.1177/1098612X221104066. Epub 2022 Jun 17. PMID: 35713593.
Munro MJL, Hulsebosch SE, Marks SL, Gilor C. Efficacy of a micronized, nanocrystal
fenofibrate formulation in treatment of hyperlipidemia in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2021
Jul;35(4):1733-1742. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16190. Epub 2021 Jun 6. PMID: 34096101; PMCID: PMC8295657.
Sepesy LM, Center SA, Randolph JF, Warner KL, Erb HN. Vacuolar hepatopathy in dogs: 336 cases (1993-2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006 Jul 15;229(2):246-52. doi:
10.2460/javma.229.2.246. PMID: 16842046.
Steiner JM, Lainesse C, Noshiro Y, Domen Y, Sedlacek H, Bienhoff SE, Doucette KP, Bledsoe DL, Shikama H. Fuzapladib in a randomized controlled multicenter masked study in dogs with presumptive acute onset pancreatitis. J Vet Intern Med. 2023 Nov-Dec;37(6):2084-2092. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16897. Epub 2023 Oct 9. PMID: 37811705; PMCID: PMC10658511.
Xenoulis PG, Cammarata PJ, Walzem RL, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Effect of a low-fat diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzers with hypertriglyceridemia. J Vet Intern Med

Join us for Part 2 of this exciting discussion with Dr. Kristin Welch, DVM, DACVECC. Dr. Welch is the founder and Chief Criticalist at DVM-Stat, and previously helped grow the Southeast’s first VECCS Level I Emergency and Critical Care certified hospital as the Chief of Emergency and Critical Care when she moved to Charleston, SC following her residency at Tufts University. This is a must-listen series for any veterinarian, veterinary technician, or veterinary staff member who will encounter emergency patients or trauma. We discuss the importance of understanding common scenarios that require trauma triage, how to structure your team to better handle trauma cases, principles and organization of triage, imaging tips, rational fluid resuscitation and transfusion principles, and so much more.
Resources:
Episode 8: AFAST, TFAST and VetBLUE, and What's Right for You
Simpson et al. Severe blunt trauma in dogs: 235 cases (1997–2003). JVECC 2009
Davros et al. Comparison of clinical outcomes in cases of blunt, penetrating, and combination trauma in dogs: A VetCOT registry study. JVECC 2022

Gregory et al. Evaluation of outcome associated with feline trauma: A Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry study. JVECC 2023

Lyons et al. Clinicopathologic abnormalities associated with increased animal triage trauma score in cats with bite wound injuries: 43 cases (1998–2009). JVECC 2019
Poirier et al. Markers of tissue perfusion and their relation to mortality in dogs with blunt trauma. JVECC 2022
Ash et al. Performance evaluation and validation of the animal trauma triage score and modified Glasgow Coma Scale with suggested category adjustment in dogs: A VetCOT registry study. JVECC 2018.

Lisciandro et al. Evaluation of a thoracic focused assessment with sonography for trauma (TFAST) protocol to detect pneumothorax and concurrent thoracic injury in 145 traumatized dogs. JVECC 2008
Lisciandro et al. Evaluation of an abdominal fluid scoring system determined using abdominal focused assessment with sonography for trauma in 101 dogs with motor vehicle trauma. JVECC 2009
Lisciandro et al. Abdominal and thoracic focused assessment with sonography for trauma, triage, and monitoring in small animals. JVECC 2011
Walters et al. Evaluation of the agreement between focused assessment with sonography for trauma (AFAST/TFAST) and computed tomography in dogs and cats with recent trauma. JVECC 2018
Dicker et al. Diagnosis of pulmonary contusions with point-of-care lung ultrasonography and thoracic radiography compared to thoracic computed tomography in dogs with motor vehicle trauma: 29 cases (2017-2018). JVECC 2020
Bonczynski et al. Comparison of Peritoneal Fluid and Peripheral Blood pH, Bicarbonate, Glucose, and Lactate Concentration as a Diagnostic Tool for Septic Peritonitis in Dogs and Cats. Vet Surgery 2004

Join us as we meet at the rounds table with Dr. Tristan Weinkle, DVM, DACVIM board certified in small animal internal medicine (SAIM), private practice clinician, and owner/founder of Sonant Veterinary Imaging and Education to talk about the mysteries of the liver, focusing on diseases that influence ALKP dominant enzymology. This isn’t just vacuolar hepatopathy and Cushing’s, we’ll be delving into the other disorders that influence liver enzyme activity like dyslipidemia, chronic inflammatory disease, and breed specific concerns. Whether you're a seasoned veterinarian, a passionate pet owner, or just curious about the impacts of the hepatic health on general wellbeing in our companion animals, grab your gear and join us as we navigate through the landscapes of liver disease in small animals with the incredible Dr. Tristan Weinkle. This podcast is one you won’t want to miss.
Episode Resources and References:
Please visit our website for Dr. Weinkle's accompanying slides
Cortright CC, Center SA, Randolph JF, McDonough SP, Fecteau KA, Warner KL, Chiapella AM, Pierce RL, Graham AH, Wall LJ, Heidgerd JH, Degen MA, Lucia PA, Erb HN. Clinical features of progressive vacuolar hepatopathy in Scottish Terriers with and without hepatocellular carcinoma: 114 cases (1980-2013). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2014 Oct 1;245(7):797-808. doi: 10.2460/javma.245.7.797. PMID: 25229531.
De Marco V, Noronha KSM, Casado TC, Nakandakare ER, Florio JC, Santos EZ, Gilor C.
Therapy of Canine Hyperlipidemia with Bezafibrate. J Vet Intern Med. 2017 May;31(3):717-722. doi: 10.1111/jvim.14701. Epub 2017 Apr 6. PMID: 28382723; PMCID: PMC5435059.
Griebie ER, David FH, Ober CP, Feeney DA, Anderson KL, Wuenschmann A, Jessen CR.
Evaluation of canine hepatic masses by use of triphasic computed tomography and B-mode, color flow, power, and pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasonography and correlation with histopathologic classification. Am J Vet Res. 2017 Nov;78(11):1273-1283. doi:
10.2460/ajvr.78.11.1273. PMID: 29076364.
Hall-Fonte DL, Center SA, McDonough SP, Peters-Kennedy J, Trotter TS, Lucy JM, Berger E, Byers C, Cummings CG, Burke E, Stegemen J, Pintar J, Kantrowitz L, Sharpe K, Weinkle T. Hepatocutaneous syndrome in Shih Tzus: 31 cases (1996-2014). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2016 Apr 1;248(7):802-13. doi: 10.2460/javma.248.7.802. PMID: 27003022.
Kim C, Loftus JP, Huson HJ. Low alanine aminotransferase activity gene variant in a Siberian Husky with copper-associated hepatopathy. BMC Vet Res. 2023 Aug 7;19(1):111. doi: 10.1186/s12917-023-03681-6. PMID: 37550687; PMCID: PMC10405506. Miceli DD, Guevara JM, Ferraris S, Pignataro OP, Gallelli MF. Therapy for feline secondary hypertriglyceridemia with fenofibrate. J Feline Med Surg. 2022 Aug;24(8):e251-e257. doi: 10.1177/1098612X221104066. Epub 2022 Jun 17. PMID: 35713593.
Munro MJL, Hulsebosch SE, Marks SL, Gilor C. Efficacy of a micronized, nanocrystal
fenofibrate formulation in treatment of hyperlipidemia in dogs. J Vet Intern Med. 2021
Jul;35(4):1733-1742. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16190. Epub 2021 Jun 6. PMID: 34096101; PMCID: PMC8295657.
Sepesy LM, Center SA, Randolph JF, Warner KL, Erb HN. Vacuolar hepatopathy in dogs: 336 cases (1993-2005). J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2006 Jul 15;229(2):246-52. doi:
10.2460/javma.229.2.246. PMID: 16842046.
Steiner JM, Lainesse C, Noshiro Y, Domen Y, Sedlacek H, Bienhoff SE, Doucette KP, Bledsoe DL, Shikama H. Fuzapladib in a randomized controlled multicenter masked study in dogs with presumptive acute onset pancreatitis. J Vet Intern Med. 2023 Nov-Dec;37(6):2084-2092. doi: 10.1111/jvim.16897. Epub 2023 Oct 9. PMID: 37811705; PMCID: PMC10658511.
Xenoulis PG, Cammarata PJ, Walzem RL, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM. Effect of a low-fat diet on serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in Miniature Schnauzers with hypertrig