
Beyond LIMA: Insights from Eduardo Fernandez (PhD) and the LIFE Framework
09/04/24 • 89 min
In this episode, Dr. Fernandez introduces the LIFE framework as a more accurate model for than LIMA for force-free training. We discuss:
- Stereotypic behaviors in captive polar bears
- History of animal training and Behaviorism
- Criticisms and evolution of training models
- Introducing the LIFE Framework
- Exploring animal perception and the role of functional assessments
- The future of animal training: Connecting behavioral and welfare sciences
- Penguins!!
Dr. Eduardo Fernandez is a Senior Lecturer of Applied Animal Behaviour & Welfare and Director of the Animal Behaviour Program in the School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences at the University of Adelaide (Australia). He received his Ph.D. in Psychology (minors in Neuroscience and Animal Behavior) from Indiana University, where he worked with the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Zoo. He received his M.S. in Behavior Analysis from the University of North Texas, where he founded the Organization for Reinforcement Contingencies with Animals (ORCA). Most of his past and current work involves behavioral research applied to the welfare and training of zoo, aquarium, and companion animals. His past positions include a Visiting Professorship in the Psychology Department at Seattle Pacific University, a Visiting Professorship in the School of Behavior Analysis at the Florida Institute of Technology, an Affiliate Assistant Professorship in the Psychology Department at the University of Washington, a Research Fellowship with Woodland Park Zoo, and a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship. While working with UW and the Woodland Park Zoo, he started the Behavioral Enrichment Animal Research (BEAR) group, which conducted welfare research with many of the species and exhibits located throughout the zoo. He currently runs the Operant Welfare Lab (OWL), which is dedicated to the use of learning principles to improve the lives of animals. OWL is also part of the broader Animal Behaviour, Welfare, and Anthrozoology Lab (ABWAL; abwal.com). Many of Eduardo’s past publications, research projects, and presentations can be found on his ResearchGate profile.
Links:
Fernandez, E.J., 2024. The least inhibitive, functionally effective (LIFE) model: A new framework for ethical animal training practices. Journal of Veterinary Behavior. 71: 63-68.
Human Animal Interactions in Zoos (2024) edited by Eduardo J Fernandez and Sally L Sherwen
University of Adelaide - https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/eduardo.fernandez
ResearchGate - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eduardo-Fernandez-27
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/ejfernandez/
YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/c/EduardoJFernandez
Twitter - https://www.twitter.com/DrEddieFern
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/dreddiefern/
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/eduardojfernandez/
Email - [email protected]
Contact Behavior Vets
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- Online courses
- Webinars and seminars
In this episode, Dr. Fernandez introduces the LIFE framework as a more accurate model for than LIMA for force-free training. We discuss:
- Stereotypic behaviors in captive polar bears
- History of animal training and Behaviorism
- Criticisms and evolution of training models
- Introducing the LIFE Framework
- Exploring animal perception and the role of functional assessments
- The future of animal training: Connecting behavioral and welfare sciences
- Penguins!!
Dr. Eduardo Fernandez is a Senior Lecturer of Applied Animal Behaviour & Welfare and Director of the Animal Behaviour Program in the School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences at the University of Adelaide (Australia). He received his Ph.D. in Psychology (minors in Neuroscience and Animal Behavior) from Indiana University, where he worked with the Indianapolis and Cincinnati Zoo. He received his M.S. in Behavior Analysis from the University of North Texas, where he founded the Organization for Reinforcement Contingencies with Animals (ORCA). Most of his past and current work involves behavioral research applied to the welfare and training of zoo, aquarium, and companion animals. His past positions include a Visiting Professorship in the Psychology Department at Seattle Pacific University, a Visiting Professorship in the School of Behavior Analysis at the Florida Institute of Technology, an Affiliate Assistant Professorship in the Psychology Department at the University of Washington, a Research Fellowship with Woodland Park Zoo, and a National Science Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship. While working with UW and the Woodland Park Zoo, he started the Behavioral Enrichment Animal Research (BEAR) group, which conducted welfare research with many of the species and exhibits located throughout the zoo. He currently runs the Operant Welfare Lab (OWL), which is dedicated to the use of learning principles to improve the lives of animals. OWL is also part of the broader Animal Behaviour, Welfare, and Anthrozoology Lab (ABWAL; abwal.com). Many of Eduardo’s past publications, research projects, and presentations can be found on his ResearchGate profile.
Links:
Fernandez, E.J., 2024. The least inhibitive, functionally effective (LIFE) model: A new framework for ethical animal training practices. Journal of Veterinary Behavior. 71: 63-68.
Human Animal Interactions in Zoos (2024) edited by Eduardo J Fernandez and Sally L Sherwen
University of Adelaide - https://researchers.adelaide.edu.au/profile/eduardo.fernandez
ResearchGate - https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Eduardo-Fernandez-27
Facebook - https://www.facebook.com/ejfernandez/
YouTube - https://www.youtube.com/c/EduardoJFernandez
Twitter - https://www.twitter.com/DrEddieFern
Instagram - https://www.instagram.com/dreddiefern/
LinkedIn - https://www.linkedin.com/in/eduardojfernandez/
Email - [email protected]
Contact Behavior Vets
- tweet us @BehaviorVets
- follow us on Facebook
- follow us on Instagram
- Online courses
- Webinars and seminars
Previous Episode

Dr. Wailani Sung (MS, PhD, DVM, DACVB): Transforming Shelter Cat Care with a Fear Free Approach
In this episode, Dr. Sung reflects on her personal experience and discusses how shelter cats and kittens can benefit from a Fear Free approach.
- Scars and consequences of traditional handling methods
- Dr. Sung describes her first experience with low-stress handling
- Health and behavioral benefits of Fear Free handling in shelters
- Understanding cat body language
- Promoting Fear Free handling and making a culture change
Dr. Sung is a co-author of the book, “From Fearful to Fear Free”, in which she collaborated with America’s veterinarian Dr. Marty Becker, veterinary colleague Dr. Lisa Radosta, and renown trainer, Mikkel Becker. Dr. Sung also co-authored a chapter in “Decoding your Cat”. Dr. Sung has been a contributor to the websites, PetCoach, PetMD and Reader’s Digest. Dr. Sung has written chapters for the following veterinary textbooks: Behavior of Exotic Pets; Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Canine and Feline Behavior, 2nd Edition; Blackwell’s Five-Minute Veterinary Consult: Canine and Feline: 7th edition; Animal Behavior for Shelter Veterinarian and Staff, 2nd edition; Clinical Handbook of Feline Behavior Medicine. Dr. Sung is a highly sought-after speaker and has presented at the Western Veterinary Conference, MidWest Veterinary Conference, Christian Veterinary Mission Conference, HSUS Expo, New Mexico Humane Conference, Fear Free Pet Behavior Symposium, as well as local and state events. Dr. Sung was interviewed on the documentary, Cat Tales by NOVA: https://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/video/cat-tales/ and on the Netflix documentary, Inside the Mind of a Cat.
Links
https://bayareavetbehavior.com/https://joybound.org/https://vetvacationce.com/product/new-orleans-veterinary-conference-2025/
Contact Behavior Vets
- tweet us @BehaviorVets
- follow us on Facebook
- follow us on Instagram
- Online courses
- Webinars and seminars
Next Episode

A Fond Farewell Leads to a New Beginning for Behavior Vets and the Worry Less, Wag More Show
Dr. E'Lise Christensen (DVM, DACVB) joins me for my final episode of the WLWM show. We thank our listeners and reflect on the journey that brought us together to create the Worry Less, Wag More podcast.
Thank you, listeners!!! I appreciate you all so much!!
Ferdie Yau's new email: [email protected]
Please follow Ferdie at:
Instagram @sitsnwiggles_ferdie
Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/SitsNWiggles
Contact Behavior Vets
- tweet us @BehaviorVets
- follow us on Facebook
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- Online courses
- Webinars and seminars
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