The World (History) According to Dixon

Ideal: Roman Reunification. Why would Germans want that? Ag + Urbanization + Specialization = Long Distance Trade & Innovation Regional States Holy Roman Empire Otto Of Saxony crowned Emperor by Pope John XII (962) HRE: Internally divided + externally weak Kings v. Prince “ipalities” Investiture Contest Kings appointing Bishops : laymen (non clergy) appointing clergy (lay investiture) Stand Off at Canossa King Henry IV v Pope Gregory VII (1073-1085) Strengthens Secular & Ecclesiastical interdependency Frederick Barbarossa 1152-1190 pushed out of Lombardy by Pope Capetien Dynasty France: Hugh Capet (987) appointed King because of his subordinate position under appointees Slowly centralized France over the centuries (Joan of Arc?) England: William the Conqueror (1066) Brought Norman centralizing authority over Angles and Saxons Italy: Ecclesiastical and Commercial city States Iberian Peninsula: Castile, Aragon, Portugal v Moors Economic & Social Economy outpaced Political Ag Drained swamps, cleared forests, new crops Horse shoes, horse collars Population from 30 – 80 million Labor specialization = urbanization “city air makes you free” Venice, Genoa, Pisa, Naples Baltic Hanseatic league Business techniques Credit and Partnerships Social Strication Estates General 1st Clergy those who pray 2nd Nobles those who fight (Chivalry) 3rd Commoners those who work Guilds Control prices, quality assurance, women’s inclusion Christianity Church inspired literature Economy = cathedral schools Latin, liberal arts, Cambridge, Oxford, Paris, Rome, Seville Aristotle St. Thomas Aquainas Reconcile Christian beliefs Bringing logic to Christianity Common People Saints & Sacraments: Virgin Mary Dominicans of St. Dominic v materialism Franciscans of St. Francis v materialism Medieval Expansion Scandinavia Converts to Christianity Vikings reach Greenland and New Foundland Balkan Influence Knights Templar Knights Hospitallers Teutonic Knights Iberian Peninsula Reconquista Crusades Pope Urban II Council of Clermont 1095 1st recaptures Jerusalem 1099 Saladin recaptures 1187 3rd Richard the Lionheart 4th Sack Constantinople Politically and religiously failed Economically and commercially succeeded

Chapter 6.. Achaemenid Empire.. Darius.. the PERSIAN WARS.. what more can you ask for?

The first few chapters in our book..it's the foundations, and we never really went over this.

Chapter 21 Class Notes Travelers Marco Polo 1253 -1324 Ibn Battuta 1326-1346 Trade-Diplomacy -Missionary Imulse Technology Exchange Trade Cities Khanbaliq, Hongzhou, Quangzo, Melaka Cambay, Samarkand, Constantinople Hormuz, Bagdhad, Venice Characteristic: Strategic Location Maintain Order Resist Heavy Taxation Exchange Magnetic Compas, Cotton to Africa Sugarcane Gunpowder (Golden Horde-Russia) Beubonic Plague, economic contraction Ming Dynasty Hongwu: increase Confucian civil service Mandarins as scholar officials Eunichs as Imperial Court Rebuild irrigation system Re-invigorate manufacturing Yongle: resinicization Yongle encyclopedia Cultural Traditions Europe Increase trade = increase taxation =standing armies Italian City States strengthen Hundred Years war Creates identity for France & England Direct taxation =Monarchies Spain Isabella & Ferdinand Reconquista Support exploration Explorers China: Zheng He treasure ships Portugeuses: Henry The Navigator Navigation school of ship captains, builders, silors and cartographers Dias: 1488 Columbus 1492 Da Gama 1497 Renaissance Sculpture – Painter- Architect Humanism Emotion in paintings More realistic paintings and musculature sculptures Revisit Cicero – private Chritian and yet Public service Reconciles Christianity Urban and Commercial centers require this modification to Christianity Allows the development of private property – profit gaining – business ventures by low or middle class Profits don’t necessarily go to Feudal King or Monarc