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Episode 11: Steven Raphael on sentencing reform in California
09/03/19 • 52 min
Steven Raphael talks about how California's sentencing reform policies have affected incarceration and crime rates in the state.
"The effect of sentencing reform on crime rates: Evidence from California’s Proposition 47" by Magnus Lofstrom and Steven Raphael.
OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE:- "Public Safety Realignment and Crime Rates in California" by Magnus Lofstrom and Steven Raphael.
- "Is Public Safety Realignment Reducing Recidivism in California?" by Magnus Lofstrom, Steven Raphael, and Ryken Gratett.
- "Realignment, Incarceration, and Crime Trends in California" by Magnus Lofstrom and Steven Raphael.
- “Prison Downsizing and Public Safety" by Magnus Lofstrom and Steven Raphael.
- “Incarceration and Incapacitation: Evidence from the 2006 Italian Collective Pardon” by Paolo Buonanno and Steven Raphael.
- “Can We Downsize our Prisons and Jails without Compromising Public Safety? Findings from California’s Prop 47” by Bradley Bartos and Charis E. Kubrin.
- "An Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Case Dispositions and Sentencing Outcomes for Criminal Cases Presented to and Processed by the Office of the San Francisco District Attorney" by John MacDonald & Steven Raphael.
Steven Raphael talks about how California's sentencing reform policies have affected incarceration and crime rates in the state.
"The effect of sentencing reform on crime rates: Evidence from California’s Proposition 47" by Magnus Lofstrom and Steven Raphael.
OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE:- "Public Safety Realignment and Crime Rates in California" by Magnus Lofstrom and Steven Raphael.
- "Is Public Safety Realignment Reducing Recidivism in California?" by Magnus Lofstrom, Steven Raphael, and Ryken Gratett.
- "Realignment, Incarceration, and Crime Trends in California" by Magnus Lofstrom and Steven Raphael.
- “Prison Downsizing and Public Safety" by Magnus Lofstrom and Steven Raphael.
- “Incarceration and Incapacitation: Evidence from the 2006 Italian Collective Pardon” by Paolo Buonanno and Steven Raphael.
- “Can We Downsize our Prisons and Jails without Compromising Public Safety? Findings from California’s Prop 47” by Bradley Bartos and Charis E. Kubrin.
- "An Analysis of Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Case Dispositions and Sentencing Outcomes for Criminal Cases Presented to and Processed by the Office of the San Francisco District Attorney" by John MacDonald & Steven Raphael.
Previous Episode

Episode 10: Emily Weisburst on police officers in schools
Emily Weisburst talks about the effects of putting police officers in schools.
"Patrolling Public Schools: The Impact of Funding for School Police on Student Discipline and Long‐term Education Outcomes" by Emily K. Weisburst
OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE:- "Whose Help is on the Way? The Importance of Individual Police Officers in Law Enforcement Outcomes" by Emily Weisburst.
- "Police in the Hallways: Discipline in an Urban High School" by Kathleen Nolan.
- "Homeroom Security: School Discipline in an Age of Fear" by Aaron Kupchik.
- "Testing the School-to-Prison Pipeline" by Emily G. Owens.
- "Juvenile Incarceration, Human Capital, and Future Crime: Evidence from Randomly Assigned Judges" by Anna Aizer and Joseph J. Doyle, Jr.
Next Episode

Episode 12: Michael Lovenheim on grade retention and students' criminal activity
Michael Lovenheim talks about how grade retention affects students' later criminal activity.
"The Effect of Grade Retention on Adult Crime: Evidence From a Test-Based Promotion Policy" by Ozkan Eren, Michael F. Lovenheim, and Naci H. Mocan.
OTHER RESEARCH WE DISCUSS IN THIS EPISODE:- “In school and out of trouble: The minimum dropout age and juvenile crime” by D. Mark Anderson.
- “The effect of education on crime: Evidence from prison inmates, arrests, and self-reports” by Lance Lochner and Enrico Moretti.
- “Priceless: The nonpecuniary benefits of schooling” by Philip Oreopolous and Kjell G. Salvanes.
- “The crime reducing effect of education” by Stephen Machin, Olivier Marie, and Sunčica Vujić.
- “Compulsory education and the benefits of schooling” by Melvin Stephens Jr.and Dou-Yan Yang.
- “Better schools, less crime?” by David Deming.
- “The effect of school choice on participants: Evidence from randomized lotteries” by Julie Berry Cullen, Brian A. Jacob, and Steven Levitt.
- “The effect of grade retention on high school completion” by Brian A. Jacob and Lars Lefgren.
- “How the timing of grade retention affects outcomes: Identification and estimation of time-varying treatment effects” by Jane Cooley Fruehwirth, Salvador Navarro, and Yuya Takahashi.
- “Grade retention, postsecondary education, and public aid receipt” by Suh-Ruu Ou and Arthur J. Reynolds.
- “The effects of test-based retention on student outcomes over time: Regression discontinuity evidence from Florida” by Guido Schwerdt, Martin R. West, and Marcus A. Winters.
- “Test-based promotion policies, dropping out, and juvenile crime” by Ozkan Eren, Briggs Depew, and Stephen Barnes.
- “Breaking bad: Mechanisms of social influence and the path to criminality in juvenile jails” by Megan Stevenson.
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