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Mad in America: Rethinking Mental Health - Bonnie Burstow and Nick Walker - An Introduction to Cognitive Liberty

Bonnie Burstow and Nick Walker - An Introduction to Cognitive Liberty

10/07/17 • 78 min

Mad in America: Rethinking Mental Health

This week, Mad in America editor Emily Sheera Cutler presents the first in a series of interviews that examine the many important issues around forced treatment and cognitive liberty. The series will examine philosophical, theological, and sociological perspectives on coercive treatment.

In this first part, Emily interviews two well known and very respected academics and activists Bonnie Burstow and Nick Walker. Central to both Bonnie and Nick’s work is the concept of cognitive liberty or freedom and integrity of the mind. Early proponents of cognitive liberty have defined it as the right to control one’s own consciousness and be free from mind-altering drugs and technologies, as well as the right to use mind-enhancing drugs and technologies without facing legal consequences. Contemporary proponents of cognitive liberty have expanded the definition to include the right to experience and express each and every thought, feeling, state of mind, and belief as long as it does not harm anyone else. Both Bonnie and Nick describe cognitive liberty as the right to express oneself authentically. In this first episode, they get to the core of why so many human rights activists oppose forced treatment – it can interfere with people’s rights to be themselves.

In this episode we discuss:

  • How Bonnie became an antipsychiatry activist and scholar, and why she sees the institution of psychiatry as a human rights violation
  • How Nick became a neurodiversity scholar through his involvement with the Autistic rights movement
  • The difference between the neurodiversity paradigm, which views neurological, mental, and cognitive differences on the natural spectrum of human diversity, and the pathology paradigm, which assumes there is a right way or healthy way of being and to differ from it is unhealthy
  • What it means for each person to have cognitive liberty and be able to express their own unique way of being and processing the world without repercussions
  • How psychiatry curtails our cognitive liberty and freedom of mind by pathologizing difference to justify forceful and coercive measures
  • The social model of disability, which states that people are disabled by lack of access and discrimination, not by medical conditions or internal deficits
  • How the social model of disability intersects with neurodiversity and antipsychiatry but also falls short
  • That Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) constitutes a human rights abuse against Autistic children, forcing and coercing them to act more normal and less different
  • That other behaviour therapies and even humanistic therapies can be coercive as well
  • That the autism industry profits off of the pathology paradigm, convincing parents there is something wrong with their Autistic children and that it is not okay to be Autistic, and their children need to be subjected to ABA and other “treatments”
  • How antipsychiatry and neurodiversity intersect with feminism and queer studies
  • Why it is necessary for educators to teach students “mad literacy” from an early age
  • The importance of writing and publishing literature with accurate, positive representations of neurodivergent and Mad people
  • How we can build communities in which people support one another through emotional distress without violating anyone’s autonomy or restricting anyone’s freedom
  • Why the conventional notion of “suicide prevention” is problematic and can serve to take away people’s coping skills
  • How the ideas of somatic therapy can help us support people in distress

Relevant Links

Bonnie Burstow

Nick Walker

Bonnie Burstow’s articles for Mad in America

The Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in Antipsychiatry

Autonomous Press

Throw Away the Master’s Tools: Liberating Ourselves from the Pathology Paradigm by Nick Walker

Neuroqueer: An Introduction by Nick Walker

The social model of disability vs. the medical model of disability

To get in touch with us email: [email protected]

© Mad in America 2017

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This week, Mad in America editor Emily Sheera Cutler presents the first in a series of interviews that examine the many important issues around forced treatment and cognitive liberty. The series will examine philosophical, theological, and sociological perspectives on coercive treatment.

In this first part, Emily interviews two well known and very respected academics and activists Bonnie Burstow and Nick Walker. Central to both Bonnie and Nick’s work is the concept of cognitive liberty or freedom and integrity of the mind. Early proponents of cognitive liberty have defined it as the right to control one’s own consciousness and be free from mind-altering drugs and technologies, as well as the right to use mind-enhancing drugs and technologies without facing legal consequences. Contemporary proponents of cognitive liberty have expanded the definition to include the right to experience and express each and every thought, feeling, state of mind, and belief as long as it does not harm anyone else. Both Bonnie and Nick describe cognitive liberty as the right to express oneself authentically. In this first episode, they get to the core of why so many human rights activists oppose forced treatment – it can interfere with people’s rights to be themselves.

In this episode we discuss:

  • How Bonnie became an antipsychiatry activist and scholar, and why she sees the institution of psychiatry as a human rights violation
  • How Nick became a neurodiversity scholar through his involvement with the Autistic rights movement
  • The difference between the neurodiversity paradigm, which views neurological, mental, and cognitive differences on the natural spectrum of human diversity, and the pathology paradigm, which assumes there is a right way or healthy way of being and to differ from it is unhealthy
  • What it means for each person to have cognitive liberty and be able to express their own unique way of being and processing the world without repercussions
  • How psychiatry curtails our cognitive liberty and freedom of mind by pathologizing difference to justify forceful and coercive measures
  • The social model of disability, which states that people are disabled by lack of access and discrimination, not by medical conditions or internal deficits
  • How the social model of disability intersects with neurodiversity and antipsychiatry but also falls short
  • That Applied Behavior Analysis (ABA) constitutes a human rights abuse against Autistic children, forcing and coercing them to act more normal and less different
  • That other behaviour therapies and even humanistic therapies can be coercive as well
  • That the autism industry profits off of the pathology paradigm, convincing parents there is something wrong with their Autistic children and that it is not okay to be Autistic, and their children need to be subjected to ABA and other “treatments”
  • How antipsychiatry and neurodiversity intersect with feminism and queer studies
  • Why it is necessary for educators to teach students “mad literacy” from an early age
  • The importance of writing and publishing literature with accurate, positive representations of neurodivergent and Mad people
  • How we can build communities in which people support one another through emotional distress without violating anyone’s autonomy or restricting anyone’s freedom
  • Why the conventional notion of “suicide prevention” is problematic and can serve to take away people’s coping skills
  • How the ideas of somatic therapy can help us support people in distress

Relevant Links

Bonnie Burstow

Nick Walker

Bonnie Burstow’s articles for Mad in America

The Bonnie Burstow Scholarship in Antipsychiatry

Autonomous Press

Throw Away the Master’s Tools: Liberating Ourselves from the Pathology Paradigm by Nick Walker

Neuroqueer: An Introduction by Nick Walker

The social model of disability vs. the medical model of disability

To get in touch with us email: [email protected]

© Mad in America 2017

Previous Episode

undefined - Michael O’Loughlin - Exploring Narrative Approaches to Psychological Distress

Michael O’Loughlin - Exploring Narrative Approaches to Psychological Distress

This week, Mad in America’s news editor Justin Karter interviews Professor Michael O’Loughlin.

Professor O’Loughlin is a college professor and researcher at Adelphi University on Long Island. He is a licensed psychologist and a psychoanalyst in private practice in New Hyde Park, New York. Dr O’Loughlin writes critically about the biomedical model of psychiatry and psychology and also has a deep interest in psychiatric rights and social justice issues.

In 2015 as an editor he launched a book series entitled Psychoanalytic Studies: Clinical, Social, and Cultural Contexts, with Lexington Books.

In August 2017, with colleagues Dr. Awad Ibrahim (University of Ottawa), Dr, Gabrielle Ivinson (Manchester Metropolitan University), and Dr. Marek Tesar (University of Auckland), as series co-editors, he launched a book series, Critical Childhood & Youth Studies: Clinical, educational, social and cultural inquiry, to be published by Lexington Books.

Professor O'Loughlin talks about his childhood experiences and how they influenced his narrative and conversational approach to psychological distress.

In this episode we discuss

How Dr O’Loughlin’s early experiences growing up in Ireland led to a deep interest in social justice issues, particularly poverty and inequality.

That as a young man in college he engaged in charity work and activism.

How, more recently, he became interested in psychiatry when he was appointed as a lecturer in clinical psychology, but realised that there weren’t required courses on trauma or psychosis.

That this led to teaching courses in intergenerational trauma and the way that our history shapes us as people.

That Michael has engaged in autobiographical writing to understand the way that deprivations and injustices that he experienced had a formative impact on his own thinking and writing.

That another course on madness and psychosis was perceived by clinical psychology students as radical, leading to a realisation that mainstream psychology is a very conservative discipline.

How he became interested in interviewing psychiatric patients and telling stories that represented a diverse group of people and experiences of psychiatric services.

That this led to a project at Fountain House in New York City to see if narratives could be reinforced and shared.

That Michael does not himself use the terms mental illness or disorder because he feels that we need to be flexible and that even this terminology can be traumatising.

How he has recently focused on creating spaces where participants can share their experiences and stories and it shouldn’t be a classification or categorization exercise.

That he has found many that have experienced the psychiatric system have felt that the system impeded their recovery.

That a collaborative team of Adelphi academics, Fountain House staff and Fountain House members will together publish research.

That Professor O’Loughlin feels that psychology and psychiatry are traditional and reactive disciplines and that psychiatry has been driven by pharmacological concerns.

How Michael’s work with children is grounded in his own childhood experiences and a sense that human beings need nurturing spaces and validation.

That Michael is extremely disturbed about the medicating young children with drugs that are not known to be safe for them such as antipsychotic drugs.

The unwillingness to understand that a child's distress has an origin and that we have a responsibility to engage with the child and create a space for them to communicate.

How we define normality within such a narrow range that children find it very difficult to conform to society’s expectations.

That there seems to be little room for a child in school, only room for a student.

That psychoanalysis has tools to understand our emotions and experiences but also has tools to help understand societal drivers that may underlie psychological distress.

The worry that talking therapies are being replaced by tick lists and categories and that we need to bring stories back into psychology.

Relevant links:

Michael O’Loughlin, PhD

Psychoanalytic Studies: Clinical, Social, and Cultural Contexts

Arthur Frank

Kathryn Bond Stockton

To get in touch with us email: [email protected]

© Mad in America 2017

Next Episode

undefined - Olga Runciman - Moving Beyond Psychiatry

Olga Runciman - Moving Beyond Psychiatry

This week on the Mad in America podcast we interview Olga Runciman.

Olga is an international trainer and speaker, writer, campaigner, and artist. She co-founded the Danish Hearing Voices Network and sees the role of the Hearing Voices Movement as post-psychiatric, working towards the recognition of human rights while offering hope, empowerment, and access to making sense of individual experiences.

Olga was a psychiatric nurse working in social psychiatry but today she is a psychologist and since 2013 she has had her own private practice in Denmark, working with people who have been labelled schizophrenic or psychotic. Olga is herself a psychiatric survivor and a voice hearer too.

In this interview we discuss Olga’s professional and personal experiences of the psychiatric system and how she now helps and supports healing and recovery in others.

In the episode we discuss:

How Olga became a specialist psychiatric nurse in Denmark, believing at the time the reasons given for psychiatric diagnoses.

  • How she came to see that there was little evidence or corroboration to underpin the diagnosis and treatment that she witnessed.
  • How Olga was also a voice hearer, but kept this hidden from her psychiatric colleagues.
  • How, when experiencing stress and trauma, Olga came to be admitted to a psychiatric ward, diagnosed as schizophrenic and treated with a cocktail of psychiatric drugs.
  • Olga’s experiences of the antipsychotic drug Clozapine.
  • How Olga came to stop her psychiatric drugs which she had been taking for ten years.
  • Psychiatry’s story of hopelessness and chronic illness that is so often sold to patients.
  • How Olga now views her work from a post-psychiatry perspective.

Relevant links:

Psycovery

Olga’s posts on Mad in America

The Hearing Voices network

International Institute for Psychiatric Drug Withdrawal

Postpsychiatry: a new direction for mental health

To get in touch with us email: [email protected]

© Mad in America 2017

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