#021 - Jan Nolta: Stem Cells & the Future of Regenerative Medicine

In this episode, we have Dr. Jan Nolta joining us to discuss her work in stem cells and regenerative medicine. Dr. Nolta explains the different types of stem cells, including adult stem cells and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), which have the potential to differentiate into any tissue in the body. She talks about the shift away from using embryonic stem cells and the practicality of using iPSCs for disease modeling and drug discovery.

Dr. Nolta also discusses the importance of matching human leukocyte antigen (HLA) types for stem cell therapies and the creation of cell banks containing pluripotent stem cell lines. She explains how these stem cells can be used for transplantation in individuals in need of stem cell therapies.

The conversation then delves into the ethical considerations and FDA approval process for stem cell therapies. Dr. Nolta emphasizes the importance of FDA-regulated clinical trials and the rigorous standards that need to be met.

Moving on to manufacturing stem cells, Dr. Nolta describes the process that takes place in Good Manufacturing Facilities (GMP). She explains the importance of maintaining sterility and the use of bioreactors in growing the cells. The cells are then delivered to the patient fresh, as freezing can compromise their quality and function.

Dr. Nolta discusses the California Umbilical Cord Blood Collection Program, which aims to increase the availability of diverse cord blood units in national inventory. She explains the different options for cord blood banking, including public and private banking.

The conversation covers various stem cell therapies, including bone marrow transplantation, gene therapy, and CAR T-cell therapy. Dr. Nolta highlights the success stories in treating genetic diseases and cancer using these therapies. She also touches on the use of cytokines and mesenchymal stem cells for modulating inflammation and promoting healing.

The hosts ask about the challenges of implementing AI in medicine and stem cell therapy. Dr. Nolta discusses the expense of obtaining whole genome sequences and the hesitation of insurance companies to cover these costs. She emphasizes the need for a better understanding of the causes of diseases to improve regenerative medicine.

Dr. Nolta concludes with advice for students interested in getting involved in regenerative medicine and stem cell research. She mentions the training programs and opportunities available and encourages students to stay curious and enthusiastic in their pursuit of scientific knowledge.

Overall, this episode provides an insightful and comprehensive overview of stem cells, regenerative medicine, and the potential future advancements in the field.

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