The Genetics Podcast

Join Patrick Short and Professor Clare Turnbull, Professor in Translational Cancer Genetics at the Institute of Cancer Research, as they discuss polygenic risk scores and their application in healthcare. Delve into the complexities of predicting disease, the challenges of screening programs, and the potential impact of integrating genomics into healthcare systems. Discover the limitations and potential of polygenic risk scores and gain valuable insights into the future of personalized medicine. 0:00 Intro 1:00 Clare’s path to becoming a clinical geneticist and her research in uncovering genetic links to cancer 3:20 How do Polygenic Risk Scores help to predict disease, particularly breast cancer? 10:00 The influence of environmental and genetic effects on breast cancer presentation 11:30 Next clinical steps after determining genetic risk for breast cancer 17:30 How effective and accurate are polygenic risk scores in predicting various types of cancer, given the potential for false positives or negatives? 25:00 The potential for integrating genetic screenings and polygenic risk scores into early cancer diagnosis 27:20 How do monogenic risk scores like BRCA 1 and 2 fit into the paradigm of cancer research? 31:30 Using both monogenic and polygenic to explain population prevalence of disease 35:00 Integration of genomics and genetic screenings into the UK healthcare system 40:30 What comes after the genetic test? What is the use in identifying risk for a disease if nothing is subsequently done to prevent it? 44:50 Clare’s upcoming work in remodeling NHS systems for evidence protocols and clinical use of genetic tests 46:50 Closing remarks

In this milestone episode, we welcome Dr Matthew Hurles, geneticist and pioneer in the field of human genomics. Dr Hurles has dedicated his career to unravelling the secrets hidden within our DNA, as well as harnessing cutting-edge research to revolutionise our understanding of genetic disorders, human evolution, and the potential for personalised healthcare. Join Patrick and Matt as they delve into the frontiers of genomic science, from the implications of newborn screenings to emerging technologies and the transforming role of researchers. 0:00 Intro 1:55 Genetics in the ’90s compared to genetics today 4:30 Work-life balance in science 8:00 Deciphering Developmental Disorders (DDD) study 13:10 New technologies in genome sequencing 14:45 How far are we from using next-generation sequencing as standard for diagnosing rare disease? 17:10 The Industrialization of genomics research 21:10 Will we move to a world where everyone is sequenced at birth? 25:20 Uses for cellular assays in healthcare and research 27:15 Bridging the gap between rare and common diseases 31:35 Birth cohorts and newborn screening studies 33:30 The power of early diagnosis and intervention with genomics 36:30 Open access databases 38:40 Advice for early-career researchers 41:20 Future directions for the Wellcome Sanger Institute 43:30 Applications of artificial intelligence and machine learning in genomics 45:30 Thank you 46:50 Outro

What is the role of genetics in Parkinson’s disease? From the impact of variants in the LRRK2 gene, to the need to expand PD research in diverse populations to aid the development of new medicines, this week’s guests, Dr Ignacio Mata and Dr James Beck, talk to Patrick about the history, and future, of precision medicine development in Parkinson’s disease.

On this episode of the podcast, Patrick is joined by Josh Friedman, Senior Director of Research at Alnylam Pharmaceuticals. Alnylam works on the discovery and development of RNA interference therapeutics; treatments for genetic diseases which work by ‘switching off’ the specific genes associated with a given condition. In this fifth episode of our precision pioneers miniseries, we explore how RNA interference can be applied to treat common and rare genetic diseases, and dive deep into the genetics of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and NASH.

0:00 Invitation to The Genetics Podcast meet up

1:30 Intro to The Genetics Podcast
2:25 Welcome to Mark
3:10 Introduction to the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR)
4:05 Mark’s roles with the NIHR in strategic partnerships
7:35 Challenges patients face in accessing NHS resources and the NIHR’s efforts to streamline availability
13:25 How to scale breakthroughs in precision therapies so they are widely accessible to patients across the NHS: Top-down vs. bottom-up strategies
17:00 Applying principles of cost consequence analysis to NHS strategy
17:45 Misconceptions regarding NHS financing and the allocation of funding for medical innovations
23:20 Best practices for working with under- and mis-represented populations to facilitate development of and access to medical innovations
29:45 East London Genes & Health and Born in Bradford: Two cases where deep engagement and trust building resulted in robust data collection and innovation
32:45 Insights into the D Cyphr Program (DNA, Children, Young People’s Health Resource) aimed at gaining population-level genomic data to address broader health issues such as mental health and diabetes
34:35 Closing remarks