TTMIK Level 7 Lesson 24

11/07/11 • 12 min

In Level 6 Lesson 21 and 23, we looked at how the passive voice works in Korean. In this lesson, let’s learn a structure you can use with the passive voice to say that something has been put into a certain state and stays that way. For example, the verb for “to put something somewhere” is 놓다 [no-ta]. The passive voice is 놓이다 [no-i-da], so you can say 놓였어요 to say “it was put down (on the table/ground/etc)”. Now, the following structure is used when you want to say that something is on the floor/table/etc, but imply that it has been put down there by someone. Passive Voice + -어 있다 = to have been put into a certain state (by someone) and stay that way What’s the difference between “Passive Voice” and “Passive Voice + -어 있다”? Passive voice describes that action as it gets done, where as passive voice + -어 있다 expresses the state that the subject is in as a result of the passive action. This ‘resultant state’ structure is more commonly used in Korean than in English, so things you can express in English with just the passive voice are often expressed through this structure. Examples 1. 잡다 = to catch 잡히다 = to be caught 잡혀 있다 = to be in custody, to have been caught and is still caught now 2. 깨다 = to break 깨지다 = to be broken, to get shattered 깨져 있다 = to be in a broken state, somebody broke it and it’s still in that state 3. 켜다 = to turn on, to switch on 켜지다 = to be turned on, to be switched on 켜져 있다 = somebody turned it on and it’s still on 4. 쌓다 = to pile things up 쌓이다 = to be piled up 쌓여 있다 = to have been piled up (e.g. snow) 5. 열다 = to open 열리다 = to get opened 열려 있다 = to have been opened and stay open **Note that you can’t use this structure with transitive verbs. Sample Sentences 1. 문이 열려 있어요. [mu-ni yeol-lyeo i-sseo-yo.] = The door is open! 2. 에어컨이 아직 켜져 있어요. [e-eo-keo-ni a-jik kyeo-jyeo i-sseo-yo.] = The airconditioning is still on. 3. 여기 사과가 한 개 놓여 있어요. [yeo-gi sa-gwa-ga han gae no-yeo i-sseo-yo.] = Somebody put an apple here. = Here’s an apple. 4. 이 마을은 산으로 둘러쌓여 있어요. [i ma-eu-reun sa-neu-ro dul-leo-ssa-yeo i-sseo-yo.] = This town is surrounded by mountains. 5. 파란색으로 칠해져 있는 간판 보여요? [pa-ran-sae-geu-ro chi-rae-jyeo it-neun gan-pan bo-yeo-yo?] = Do you see the sign there that’s painted in blue?

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Level 7 Lesson 3 - PDF

In this lesson we are looking at the structure -(으)ㄹ 만하다. This structure has a variety of meanings and it is very important to pay close attention to the context in order to understand what kind of meaning is intended.

Generally, -(으)ㄹ 만하다 means that there is enough reason or justification for a certain situation or that something is doable or possible, but mainly in the sense of being "bearable" to do.

Examples
가다
→ 갈 만하다 [gal man-ha-da]
= to be possible to go
= to be worth going (and checking out the place)
= there is enough justifiable reason for one to go

먹다
→ 먹을 만하다 [meo-geul man-ha-da]
= to be edible
= to taste okay (the taste is bearable)
= the taste is acceptable

늦다
→ 늦을 만하다 [neu-jeul man-ha-da]
= to be forgivable for being late
= there is enough reason for being late

놀라다
→ 놀랄 만하다 [nol-lal man-ha-da]
= to be natural to be surprised/shocked
= there is enough reason for being surprisd/shocked

Sample Sentences
1. 그럴 만해요.
[geu-reol man-hae-yo.]
= It’s understandable to be so.
= It’s possible.
= There is enough reason for it to be so.

2. 그 사람은 인기가 있을 만해요.
[geu sa-ra-meun in-gi-ga i-sseul man-hae-yo.]
= There is enough reason that he is popular.
= It’s understandable why he is popular.

3. 이 책 읽을 만해요?
[i chaek il-geul man-hae-yo?]
= Is this book worth reading?
= Is this book good?
= Do you recommend this book?

4. 괜찮아요. 참을 만해요.
[gwaen-cha-na-yo. cha-meul man-hae-yo.]
= I’m okay. It’s endurable.
= I’m okay. It’s bearable.

5. 가족끼리 한 번쯤 갈 만해요.
[ga-jok-kki-ri han beon-jjeum gal man-hae-yo.]
= (The place) is worth visiting once (or twice) with family.

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TTMIK Level 7 Lesson 4 PDF

In this lesson, we are looking at the words -같이 and -처럼. They are both particles (used after nouns) that mean “like + N”. When you use -같이 or -처럼 after a word, the word group works like an adverb in a sentence. (i.e. “like a robot”, “like a Korean girl”, etc.)

Many people make the mistake of using -같이 and 처럼 with the verb for “to be”, but more on that later in this lesson.

Noun + -같이/처럼 = like + N, as + N
1. 종이 + -처럼 = 종이처럼 [jong-i-cheo-reom] = like paper
2. 로봇 + -처럼 = 로봇처럼 [ro-bot-cheo-reom] = like a robot

→ 종이처럼 가볍다 = to be light like paper
→ 로봇처럼 걷다 = to walk like a robot

Examples
1. 저처럼 해 보세요.
[jeo-cheo-reom hae bo-se-yo.]
= Try doing it like I do.

2. 그 사람은 한국어를 한국 사람처럼 잘해요.
[geu sa-ra-meun han-gu-geo-reul han-guk sa-ram-cheo-reom ja-rae-yo.]
= He speaks Korean well like a Korean person.

3. 제가 어제 말한 것처럼 했어요?
[je-ga eo-je ma-ran geot-cheo-reom hae-sseo-yo?]
= Did you do it like I said yesterday?

All the sentences above can be written with -같이 in the place of -처럼, too, but only some of them are “very” natural.
→ 저같이 해 보세요.
→ 그 사람은 한국어를 한국 사람같이 잘해요.
→ 제가 어제 말한 것같이 했어요?

** -처럼 and -같이 are interchangeable in most cases and which sounds more natural depends on the person’s opinion.

같이 and -같이
Even though they are basically the same word, there is a difference in the meaning between when you say -같이 after a noun and 같이 independently. When 같이 is used independently as an adverb, it means “together”. In this case, you would often need the particle -와 or -(이)랑 that means “with”.

Ex)
저 사람같이 하세요
[jeo sa-ram-ga-chi ha-se-yo.]
= Do like that person does.

저 사람이랑 같이 하세요.
[jeo sa-ra-mi-rang ga-chi ha-se-yo.]
= Do it together with that person.

-같이 and -같은
When you add -같이 after a noun, it works as an adverb. And when you want to make the expression work as an adjective, you can add -같은 instead of -같이. This does not apply to -처럼.

Ex)
저같은 사람
[jeo-ga-teun sa-ram]
= a person like me
= somebody like me

Sample Sentences
1. 강아지가 곰처럼 생겼어요.
[gang-a-ji-ga gom-cheo-reom saeng-gyeo-sseo-yo.]
= The puppy looks like a bear.

2. 오늘은 일요일같은 월요일이에요.
[o-neu-reun i-ryo-il-ga-teun wo-ryo-i-ri-e-yo.]
= Today is a Monday (that feels) like a Sunday.

3. 제 친구는 미국인인데 영어를 영국 사람처럼 해요.
[je chin-gu-neun mi-gu-gi-nin-de yeong-eo-reul yeong-guk sa-ram-cheo-reom hae-yo.]
= My friend is American but s/he speaks English like a British person.

4. 왜 집을 요새처럼 만들었어요?
[wae ji-beul yo-sae-cheo-reom man-deu-reo-sseo-yo?]
= Why did you make your house like a fortress?

5. 바보처럼 정말 그 말을 믿었어요?
[ba-bo-cheo-reom jeong-mal geu ma-reul mi-deo-sseo-yo?]
= Did you really believe that like a fool?