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Sur-Urbano

Sur-Urbano

Latin American Cities Working Group

“Sur-urbano” is a podcast where we talk to leading scholars, planners and activists on Latin American cities about their work, the cities they love and how to make them better. Produced by the Latin American Cities Working Group, based at UC - Berkeley, and hosted by Isabel Peñaranda Currie. To find out more, or to cohost, reach us at @latam_cities. Made possible thanks to UC Berkeley’s Global Metropolitan Studies and to the Center of Latin American Studies. Music: Jaime Alejandro Angarita Art: Rachel Meirs - https://www.instagram.com/rachel.meirs/ Production: Francesca Fenzi
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Top 10 Sur-Urbano Episodes

Goodpods has curated a list of the 10 best Sur-Urbano episodes, ranked by the number of listens and likes each episode have garnered from our listeners. If you are listening to Sur-Urbano for the first time, there's no better place to start than with one of these standout episodes. If you are a fan of the show, vote for your favorite Sur-Urbano episode by adding your comments to the episode page.

Sabían que del suelo nuevo generado durante en los últimos 20 años en las principales ciudades de Perú, el 92% ha sido informal? En este episodio - el segundo sobre informalidad en Perú - hablamos con Julio Calderón Cockburn y mi buen amigo Augusto Mendoza sobre la historia, teoría y prácticas que nos ayudan a entender por qué la informalidad es un mecanismo tan predominante de urbanización en el Perú.

Empezamos discutiendo el libro de Julio Las Ideas Urbanas en el Perú (1958-1989 y en particular, el capítulo titulado “Visiones sobre el problema de la barriada”. Como sugiere el título, quisimos hacer un repaso histórico sobre cómo se ha conformado - para ser un poco Foucaultiana - el espacio-problema, o la problematización, de los asentamientos informales. Y esto es muy importante en Peru, donde figuras como John Turner y Hernando de Soto han planteado, en diferentes maneras, que las barriadas no son un problema, sino una suerte de panacea. De ahí pasamos a discutir cuáles han sido las consecuencias de estas aproximaciones en las políticas públicas. De cómo posiblemente han creado incentivos para la informalidad que no asumen los costos reales de este modo de urbanización. Y para terminar, sobre posibles soluciones y nuevos campos de investigación.

Julio Calderón es un investigador de la Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, doctor en ciencias sociales por la misma universidad, es profesor del Lincoln Institute of Land Policy, ha publicado diversos libros y artículos acerca del tema y es un renombrado investigador de la informalidad urbana peruana y latinoamericana.

Augusto Mendoza es el Director Ejecutivo del Instituto Metropolitano de Planificación de Lima.

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En 2022 la convención constituyente de Chile presentó la propuesta para una nueva constitución que declaraba, entre otras cosas, el derecho a la vivienda digna y adecuada, al amparo del Estado.

Esto iba en contra de décadas de lo que se conoce como el modelo Chileno de vivienda, que fue creado durante la dictadura militar de Pinochet, y fue el primer programa del mundo en subsidiar la demanda para comprar viviendas.

Para muchos, es el neoliberalismo encarnado, porque está basado en la idea de que el paper del estado es solo como facilitador para que el mercado responda a las necesidades habitacionales del país.

A pesar de ello, el modelo ha sido celebrado como un éxito - redujo los asentamiento informales, permitió a miles de personas acceder a la casa propia y finalmente, transformó la ciudad de Santiago. Y por eso, ha sido exportado y replicado por todo el mundo.

Pero, como veremos hoy, este modelo tiene sus límites. Junto con Catalina Vásquez-Marchant, entrevistamos al antropólogo Miguel Pérez, quien estudia cómo se ha ido profundizando la crisis de vivienda en Santiago desde la perspectiva de las personas migrantes.

Leímos su artículo de NACLA, “A Home for All in Chile’s New Housing Occupations".

Miguel argumenta que la experiencia de los y las migrantes muestra los problemas estructurales del tal modelo chileno, pero que también abre oportunidades para nuevas soluciones y formas de ciudadanía en Chile.

Miguel Pérez es Director de la Escuela de Antropología en la Universidad Diego Portales. Es también Doctor en Antropología Social por la Universidad de California, Berkeley.

Catalina Vásquez-Marchant es licenciada y maestra en Historia por la Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Actualmente es estudiante doctoral en University of Connecticut. Su investigación se enfoca en las dinámicas de urbanización en Santiago, Chile durante los años 1970s, 80s y 90s, con énfasis en la vivienda social, los cursos de agua urbanos y las relaciones socio ambientales entre el agua y la ciudad.

Este es nuestro segundo episodio hecho en colaboración con NACLA, el North American Congress on Latin America. NACLA fue fundada en 1966 para examinar y criticar el imperialismo estadounidense y su intervención política, económica y militar en el hemisferio occidental. Es una poderosa fuente de investigación y análisis sobre América Latina.

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Does property undermine development, and specifically, the construction of infrastructure? Along with co-host Aurora Echaverria, we discuss Prof. Alisha Holland's article "Roadblocks: How Property Rights Undermine Development in Colombia".

Looking at the case of Colombia, Prof. Holland argues that strong property rights encourage opportunistic behaviors that undermine infrastructure investments, even though political economy models define property rights as essential for economic development. This is especially important given the lengths that Colombia's president-elect, Gustavo Petro, went to great lengths to promise to never expropriate. Is it time to rethink property rights, from the left as well as the right?

Check it out the article: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1111/ajps.12706

Prof. Alisha Holland is an Associate Professor in the Government Department at Harvard University studying the comparative political economy of development with a focus on urban politics, social policy, and Latin America.

Aurora Echavarria is a PhD student in Urban Planning at the University of California, Los Angeles, where she is a graduate fellow in the Latin American Cities Initiative. Her research centers on the relation between systems of local government finances, property taxation and the dynamics of urban inequality in public good provision. Aurora's dissertation research is supported by the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy's C. Lowell Harriss Dissertation Fellowship.

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Can land use regulations end up incentivizing informal settlements, or mitigate? In this episode, cohosted by Flavia Leite of UC Berkeley, we interview Prof. Cynthia Goytia of Torcuato Di Tella University in Buenos Aires. We talk to Prof. Goytia about an ambitious multi-year project which charts the relationship between land use regulation and informal settlements in over 300 municipalities across 10 different Latin American countries. We talk about the prevalence of low density residential zoning in Latin American cities, the impact this and other land use regulations have on promoting or mitigating informal settlements, and what local governments can do to leverage what is arguably their cities’ biggest asset – their land – to make more inclusive cities.

Although the reports we discuss are not yet publicly available, we will post it when they are published.

Cynthia Goytia is Head of the MSc. in Urban Economics at Torcuato Di Tella University in Buenos Aires, Argentina where she also has founded and chairs since 2012, the Urban Policy and Housing Research Center (CIPUV), one of the most prestigious urban research centers in Latin America. She has developed a relevant and influential body of academic research on urban policies, housing and land markets. She is a senior urban consultant to Argentinas and Latin American governments, the World Bank, United Nations Inter-American Development Bank and CAF (Banca de Desarrollo de America Latina), and fellow of the Lincoln Institute of Land Policy.

Flávia is a PhD student in City & Regional Planning at UC Berkeley. Her research interest revolves around the relationship between formal and informal housing markets, with a specific focus on housing financialization, access to credit, and housing policy in Latin America.

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Our cohost today is Irene Farah and our second guest of the season is Prof. Calla Hummel. We are discussing Prof. Hummel’s recent published book, Why Informal Workers Organize: Contentious Politics, Enforcement, and the State. Given that over half of Latin America’s workers are estimated to be informal workers, a percentage that is estimated to have grown in the pandemic, the book’s exploration of why informal workers choose to organize – or not – is very timely and important. We talk to Calla about what factors contribute to informal workers organizing, xyr experience working as a vendor, about how governments should relate to informal workers.

Dr. Calla Hummel is an assistant professor in the University of Miami’s Department of Political Science, with a PhD from the Department of Government at the University of Texas at Austin. Xe studies when and why informal workers organize and the impacts that the world’s two billion informal workers have on local and national politics, by using statistical, ethnographic, survey, computational, and formal methods.

Irene is PhD Candidate in City & Regional Planning at UC Berkeley. Previously, she worked in the Center for Spatial Data Science at the University of Chicago. Her research revolves around themes of inequality, focusing on topics of urban informality, governance, health, and spatial analytics. In particular, she is interested in how recent shifts in governance structures in Mexico City impact how informal workers, street level bureaucrats, and local politicians negotiate over the use of public space, with a particular focus on street vendors.

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Are judges the new planners? In our first episode of "Sur-Urbano", we discuss Sergio Montero, Luisa Sotomayor and Natalia Ángel Cabo's recent article “Mobilizing Legal Expertise In and Against Cities: Urban Planning Amidst Increased Legal Action in Bogotá”. The authors note that there has been a rise in legal action around urban policy and planning in Colombia, which means that legal experts and judges often end up dictating things that used to be within the realm of planners – social housing, transport corridors, and public space.

We talk to Sergio Montero, an Associate Professor of Urban and Regional Planning and Development at the Universidad de Los Andes in Bogotá, Colombia, associate editor of the journal Regional Studies and director of LabNa (Laboratorio de Narrativas Urbanas).

Check out the article here: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/02723638.2022.2039433?journalCode=rurb20

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Bienvenides a una nueva temporada de Sur-Urbano!

Para hablar de este importante tema quisimos invitar a Hasta ‘Bajo Project, el primer archivo histórico del reggaetón en Puerto Rico. Junto con mi cohost Betsabé Castro, entrevistamos a Ashley o “Ash” Olivia Mayor - co-directra ejecutiva de Hasta Bajo Project, y curadora de música Latina en el Smithsonian, y a Loraine, o “Lola” Rosado Pérez, del equipo del archivo y estudiante doctoral en el Centro de Estudios Avanzados.

Hablamos de los orígenes y evolución del género, desde el dancehall jamaiquino en Panamá, al rap en español en las las calles de nueva York, llegando a Puerto Rico. El reggaeton se convierte en un escenario y lente para entender las dinámicas de clase, raza y género en Puerto Rico durante los últimos 25 años, y paralelamente, cómo esto se manifiesta en el espacio urbano. En el entramado de los barrios populares como la Perla del del viejo san Juan, o en los caseríos de Vivienda social, los primeros artistas de reggaeton – muches de ells negres – forjaron este género para describir sus experiencias. Con Lola y Ash, exploramos cómo el reggaeton se convirtió en objeto de estigma e incluso prohibición a la par que estas comunidades fueron criminalizadas y racializadas a la par que el espacio urbano fue sujeto a la segregación racial y privatización. También exploramos cómo la comercialización del reggaetón tuvo un “blanquamiento” – metafórico, al pasar de retratar la cotidianidad de estas comunidades a temas más comerciales, y también un blanqueamiento literal, ya que el colorismo favoreció a ciertos artistas de rasgos más mestizos y excluyó a muchos de los artistas negres que crearon este género. Culminamos con un mensaje de resistencia, al discutir cómo el reggaeton se está usando como arma de lucha política y de defensa del territorio, incluyendo las luchas por servicios públicos y en contra de la gentrificación.

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Welcome to Sur-Urbano! Our guest today, Raquel Rolnik, may be known to many of you for her critical scholarship and prominent defense of the right to house and the city: Raquel Rolnick. Based out of Sao Paulo, Raquel is professor at the Architecture and Urbanism Department at the University of São Paulo. She has held various government positions including Director of the Planning Department of São Paulo and National Secretary for Urban Programs of the Brazilian Ministry of Cities, and between 2008 and 2014, she was the UN Special Rapporteur on adequate housing.

On this episode, we discussed one of her papers which we translated to rent-seeking landscapes, and landscapes for life: https://periodicos.ufmg.br/index.php/indisciplinar/article/view/32741

She described how new financial instruments and technologies have transformed the way we produce or relate to housing.

We discussed her views about land value capture instruments

And she ended by talking about how creativity, and resistance, rather than planning, can create new possibilities and change reality

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This episode is about stolen cars, the relationships between illegal and legal markets, and public security in Brazil. We talk to Prof. Gabriel Feltran from Sciences Po about his new book Stolen Cars: A Journey Through São Paulo's Urban Conflict. Stolen Cars is an ethnography of urban inequalities and violence in São Paulo, told by Gabriel and ten other contributors.

Through the journey of 5 stolen cars in the city, they tell us how stories of everyday life in São Paulo are intertwined with global capitalism, they discuss which social actors are involved in the journey of a stolen car, and how the theft of a car is associated not only with violence, but also with socioeconomic, racial, gender, and spatial inequalities.

Gabriel is an urban ethnographer and Director of Research at CNRS (National Scientific Research Centre – France) and a full Professor of Sociology at Sciences Po. Currently, researches criminal groups and illegal markets in Brazil, based on previous work on everyday social/political dynamics in urban outskirts, focusing on collective action, marginalized groups and "the criminal world" in São Paulo.

Marcos Campos is an urban ethnographer and a postdoctoral researcher in the International Postdoctoral Program at the Brazilian Center for Analysis and Planning (Cebrap). He is also a researcher affiliated with the CASA Group and MTTM. Marcos holds a Ph.D. in sociology from the State University of Rio de Janeiro.

Book: https://www.wiley.com/en-us/Stolen+Cars%3A+A+Journey+Through+S%26atilde%3Bo+Paulo%27s+Urban+Conflict-p-9781119686163

CEBRAP article by Feltran (mentioned during the episode): https://novosestudos.com.br/formas-elementares-da-vida-politica-sobre-o-movimento-totalitario-no-brasil-2013/#gsc.tab=0

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When we think of the Amazon region, I think its fair to say that most of us think of the vast expanses of virgin rainforests, crossed by the largest river who gives the area its name. We don’t usually think of cities. And yet, Amazonia is home to 40 million people, 80% of which live in cities. IN other words, from the perspective of the human population, Amazonia is urban. To discuss this, I talk to Adrián Lerner Patrón about two articles. The first, published in NACLA, is titled “The Amazon’s Forgotten Cities’, and the second titled “The Ruins of a Steel Mill: Planetary Urbanization in the Brazilian Amazon”, linked in the show notes.

We talk about the history of urbanization in Amazonia, focusing on Iquitos in Peru and Manaos in Brazil, including the particularities of cities formed in extractive frontiers, the militarized logic to secure them, and the rise and fall of developmentalist hubris.

We delve into the histoyr of the SIDERAMA (Companhia Siderúrgica da Amazônia Sociedade Anônima) steel mill - created in 1961 and liquidated in 1997 - through the lens of planetary urbanization. Overall, Adrián invites us to think about what is unique about Amazonia cities, but also to understand the global reach of urbanization during the 2nd half of the twentieth century and the need to rethink the role of Amazonia during the Anthropocene.

Adrián Lerner Patrón is a Philomathia Fellow in the Consortium for the Global South at the University of Cambridge, with a focus on “Ecologies in Place,” and a lecturer and research associate in Global History at the Free University of Berlin.

I also want to add that this episode is our first in collaboration with NACLA - the North American Congress on Latin America. (NACLA) is an independent, nonprofit organization founded in 1966 to examine and critique U.S. imperialism and political, economic, and military intervention in the Western hemisphere.

You can find the two articles here: "The Amazon's Forgotten Cities" in NACLA

"The Ruins of a Steel Mill: Planetary Urbanization in the Brazilian Amazon” in the Journal of Urban History

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FAQ

How many episodes does Sur-Urbano have?

Sur-Urbano currently has 46 episodes available.

What topics does Sur-Urbano cover?

The podcast is about Podcasts, Social Sciences and Science.

What is the most popular episode on Sur-Urbano?

The episode title 'La Nueva Informalidad en Chile: Campamentos, Migrantes y la Lucha por la Vivienda con Miguel Pérez' is the most popular.

What is the average episode length on Sur-Urbano?

The average episode length on Sur-Urbano is 47 minutes.

How often are episodes of Sur-Urbano released?

Episodes of Sur-Urbano are typically released every 16 days, 21 hours.

When was the first episode of Sur-Urbano?

The first episode of Sur-Urbano was released on May 18, 2022.

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