Shared Space

The prehistoric Stonehenge monument and other archaeological sites offer ample evidence of human civilization’s enduring need for communal gathering spaces, those places where people can come together for celebration, ritual, and the mundane (1). These places are what sociologist Ray Oldenburg coined third places (2)—places unlike the private, informal home and the public, formal workplace, being both informal and public. These are places where people gather and socialize deliberately or casually (3): meet friends, cheer for the home team with fellow fans, or just sit to people-watch. Third places are defined by their “ordinariness”(4) and allow people to meet, relax, play, and just be, with minimal cost to themselves (5). Third places have been shown to strengthen social capital (6), foster social connection (7), and boost diversity (8) and well-being (9). They also serve as “enabling places” (10) that promote recovery from mental illness by providing social and material resources11.

The social interactions that occur in these spaces can provide opportunities for making and sustaining bonds, offer relief from daily stresses, support a sense of community, and facilitate tolerance between diverse people (12). Research also shows that the social support (i.e., emotional support, companionship) that people get in third places may match their deficit of social support elsewhere13. In light of this evidence, as loneliness is on the rise (14), the need for third places, and public space, is greater than ever. Yet across the nation, third places are closing (15),fraying the ties that hold communities together.

To create places that connect us, we need policymakers, entrepreneurs, developers, city planners, architects, and, most of all, citizens to advocate for the importance of cultivating these spaces, which provide a buffer from the physical and psychological stresses of modern day. Although third places have traditionally been studied and understood as standalone brick-and-mortar spaces, this report makes the case that they also exist as small, semi-public spaces within larger buildings or areas—for example, the office kitchen, or the communal space in a long-term inpatient unit, or the shared interior courtyard of a large building. These places can be small- to largescale: office watering coolers, local coffee shops, corner markets, daycares, community centers, city parks, and street blocks16. Some have argued that virtual worlds can serve as “fourth places” or a type of digital third place; however, there is little evidence that virtual places can fill the real world physical needs for connection, community, leisure, and support that third places do...

REFERENCES: 1. Ellard, 2018; 2. Oldenburg, 1999; 3. Soja, 1996; 4. Hickman, 2013; 5. Cheang, 2002; Finlay, Esposito, Kim, Gomez-Lopez, & Clarke,2019; Oldenburg, 1999; Thompson & Kent, 2014; 6. Lifszyc-Friedlander et al., 2019; 7. Klinenberg, 2018; Williams & Hipp, 2019; 8. Klinenberg, 2018; Williams & Hipp, 2019; 9. Cattell, Dines, Gesler, & Curtis, 2008; 10. Duff, 2012

FULL REPORT: https://www.hksinc.com/how-we-think/research/connecting-irl-how-the-built-environment-can-foster-social-health/

COVID-19, the resulting stay at home orders, social distancing, and ultimately the social isolation that we've had to go through has been tough for our mental health as nation and as a globe, and that's one of the main reasons I wanted to start a podcast that talks about not only loneliness and social isolation, but also the role of the built environment.

I know you might be saying right now. “What does architecture have to do with our health, with our loneliness, or with how connected we are to our communities?” I'm here to tell you a lot more than we think! It is definitely not the only factor, but it is an important and often overlooked structure of our lives and our communities that helps to inform how well we will be able to interact with one another. Our physical environments (e.g., cities, streets, homes) are a critical component of social determinants of health.

And there's been a lot of research that digs into how different aspects of the built environment serve as social determinants, how they help to shape aspects of loneliness, social connection and ultimately our overall health -- so that's really what we're going to be talking about on this podcast.

We all understand the deleterious effects of loneliness and social isolation, and this podcast will lean into those, while also exploring how physical spaces can make us feel more connected and less lonely. We will share research-informed guidelines on how to use space to foster connection, social health and well-being. And we will be sharing examples of spaces and strategies that work!

I am so excited and honored that you are spending time here with us and I hope you find it enjoyable and interesting. If so, I would love if you can subscribe, rate and review us! Check out more resources and articles on my website erinpeavey.com. Thanks for joining me on this journey!

Do you ever wonder how can we socially connect and still be safe? What is the role of the design of the physical spaces around us? What strategies could work for both you, and perhaps your loved ones living in senior housing? In Episode 9 of the Shared Space podcast, I sit down with Patricia Gruits of MASS Design Group to explore synergies between designing for COVID-19 and designing for social connection with a special focus on senior living. Patricia shares findings from her recent report “Designing Senior Housing for Safe Interaction The Role of Architecture in Fighting COVID-19”. Understanding the toxic health effects of loneliness, her team identified ways to help people safety connect. We explore how to design for joy, hope, and connection rather than fear. Not ignoring the dangers, but rather finding the synergies in these.

Patricia is a Senior Principal & Managing Director with MASS Design Group, a leading not-for-profit design firm, where she leads both design and research projects in health, education, and equity. Her work has been featured in journals of architecture and design as well as on the BBC World News and the Discovery Channel. She has lectured and taught design across the nation. Patricia has a Bachelor of Science and Master’s in Architecture from the University of Michigan, a program that is well known for their integration of purpose driven design and research that continues to inform her approach today.

Link to the abbreviated transcript of our interview will be here soon: https://www.erinpeavey.com/sharedspace

To learn more about Patricia & The work at MASS Design:

• Patricia Gruit's Bio at MASS Design
• Portable Light Project: The Portable Light Project enables people in the developing world to create and own energy harvesting textiles, providing the benefits of renewable power as an integral part of everyday life.

Links from topics and projects mentioned during our interview:

• Green House Project: A different way to design for aging at scale
• Research on how Green House project homes have fared through COVID-19. Spoiler alert - Green House Project residents have fared much better than other types of skilled nursing.

Designing Senior Housing for Safe Interaction:

• Link to Full Report on MASS Design.
• The team (excerpt from report): MASS Design team members, Patricia Gruits, Katie Swenson, and Regina Yang -- who led the development of the senior living COVID-19 guide. This guide and its design principles were developed through research and focused conversations with leaders in affordable housing development, operation, and design. We are grateful to Jennifer Molinsky of the Joint Center for Housing Studies; Emi Kiyota, founder of IBASHO, for their partnership and to Alma Balonon-Rosen, Massachusetts Housing Partnership; Susan Gittelman, B’nai B’rith; Carrie Niemy, Enterprise Community Partners; Jane Rohde, JSR Associates; and Enterprise Rose Fellows Peter Aeschbacher, Sam Beall, Nick Guertin, Yuko Okabe, Kelsey Oesmann, and Jason Wheeler for their experience, consultation and review.

This week's podcast we dig into one of the six attributes that help to create environments of connection, Human Scale. I interview Thom Grieving, Principal of HKS, about his team's work around a very special project that helps to exemplify what design with human scale for connection looks like at University of California at San Diego, Theater District Living and Learning Neighborhood. For this project, the Dean and leadership of UCSD had thoughtfully embedded considerations around social health and social connection in the original program of spaces and considering community health and wellness were key aims that the project targeted.

Spaces designed at a human scale use architectural detailing and variety to create small and intimate environments that are comfortable for people to move through or occupy. These are spaces that meet our basic human needs for comfort, safety, and interest (1), and that feel good to be in for reasons that are often indescribable. City blocks designed at a human scale have been shown to promote more social interactions and lingering (2), whereas research reveals that blocks with large expanses of monotonous storefront elevate stress responses and speed walking (3).

This conclusion was tested at a Whole Foods in New York City, where a research team found that despite the store operator’s desire for Whole Foods to feel like a local grocery store and blend with the existing neighborhood, the expansive glass storefront actually repelled passersby, who quickened their pace to get past it (4). This finding echoes a growing body of research in both human and mouse models that show how spaces devoid of ornamentation and variety can elicit a strong stress response (5), believed to be linked to the painful boredom they provoke (6).

A well-established component of human-scale design is the quality of providing prospect and refuge (7), offered by buildings or spaces that create a sense of enclosure while giving people the ability to look out—for instance, being under a patio pergola or on a front porch and watching the street. If you have ever felt the pull of a cozy booth seat or rested at the base of a tree, you have experienced the natural comfort of a space that provided prospect and refuge. This quality promotes a dual sense of security and openness that allows us to deepen existing friendships and form new ones.

Citations: 1. Montgomery, 2018; 2. Ellard, 2018;3. Ellard, 2018; Montgomery, 2018; 4. Ellard, 2018; Montgomery, 2018; 5. Bayne, 2018; Salingaros, 2014; 6. Ellard, 2018; 7. Dosen & Ostwald, 2016

Links:

• UCSD Future College in the San Diego Union Tribute
• Ellard & Montgomery Study around human scale for BMW Guggenheim Lab
• BMW Guggenheim Lab
• Architect, Thom Greiving

In this special Best Of Shared Space Season 2! We talk with architects, psychologist, designers, activists, writers, urban planners – a host of amazing community changemakers on season two and we weave all of those together for you all. We start with a basic understanding of what is loneliness, social health, and social capital and why is it so important? Then we dive into office spaces, public places, housing, and more – exploring examples from across the globe as to what types of design strategies and approaches foster health, happiness, social connection and combat loneliness.

Interviews

Dr. Mario Luis Small, sociologist, endowed professor at Harvard University, and Panama native - shares his studies on social networks, and starts by defining a key component of our social health – social capital, and why it is critical for so many of the other social determinants we think of from transportation, education and habit formation.

Nigel Oseland, author and environmental psychologist – shares findings from his recent book Beyond The Workplace Zoo: Humanizing the Office. He specializes in workplace design for human connection, and I was honored to be his first interview for his new book.

Emily Anthes, New York Times reporter and author shares findings from her book – The Great Indoors: The Surprising Science of How Buildings Shape Our Behavior, Health, and Happiness.

Mitchell Reardon, urban planner with Happy Cities – talks about what it means to create truly accessible spaces for everyone, where everyone feels welcome. He shares fascinating research findings around Streets for People, a study they did in Canada at the beginning of the Pandemic.

Katie Swenson, design activist and author of MASS Design Group just published two books – Design with Love: At Home in America about her time with Enterprise Communities, and In Bohemia about her personal journey. She discussed how architecture needs to rethink and evaluate the success of spaces and the importance of dignity in design as a fundamental need.

Shelby Blessing, Architect and Activist in Austin Texas shares her experiences working with the Community First Village in Austin – designed specifically for community building and connection for formerly homeless individuals.

June Grant, Okland based activist and architect shares her experiences working with AARP – the largest non-profit dedicated to older adults to create a guidebook for Accessory Dwelling Units – as a method for maintaining community fabric and fostering social connection in communities.

Andrew Howard, urban planner with Team Better Block and WGI talks about what is really important about not only the product but the process of community design.

Judy Sullivan and Meg Moschetto from the Cochrane Heights Neighborhood Association in Dallas, Texas share their perspective of citizen activists that transformed a rundown empty space into a vibrant public community space. They share what it took to get it done and what it changed for their neighborhood community.

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About the Host:

Erin is an architect and design researcher bridging the gap between research and practice with a focus on design for health.

Website: www.erinpeavey.com

Twitter: @erin_peavey

Instagram: @design.for.health