Ep 452- Former Hells Angels MC George Christie My thoughts on the controversy

Little is known about intergenerational continuity in gang membership, including whether or not the cycle of gang membership even exists (Dong, Gibson, & Krohn, 2015). By in large, qualitative research suggests that intergenerational parallelism in gang membership exists, but these studies are limited to locales with long-standing gang problems resulting from migration/immigration (e.g., Los Angeles and Chicago) and utilize respondent reports of past generation participation (Horowitz, 1983; Moore et al., 1978; Vigil, 1988). Unfortunately, reliance upon this type of research as evidence for a cycle of gang membership is potentially problematic from validity and generalizeability standpoints.