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CAR-T Cell Therapy: Re-engineering the Immune System in the Fight Against Cancer

In this episode, Tamara Laskowski, Senior Director of Clinical Development in Personalized Medicine at Lonza, and Aya Jakobovits, from Adicet Bio, discuss the therapeutic potential of CAR-T cell therapy.

CAR-T cell therapy has generated immense enthusiasm within the oncology community since its first FDA approval in 2017. Currently, there are six commercially approved CAR-T cell-based therapies, with more on the horizon. These therapies have exhibited remarkable efficacy, particularly for patients who have exhausted standard treatment options. Industry experts Tamara Laskowski and Aya Jakobovits attest to the astounding outcomes witnessed in patients, some of whom have remained in remission for a decade after having received a CAR-T infusion.

CAR-T cells are modified white blood cells that are introduced into a patient’s body. These remarkable cells are meticulously engineered to possess synthetic receptors, known as CARs, which enable them to first identify then eradicate malignant cells with precision. By targeting cancer cells that exhibit a specific target antigen, CAR T-cells have the extraordinary ability to seek out and eliminate harmful cells, offering new hope in the battle against this devastating disease.

Curious to Know More?

Join us on this podcast episode as we explore the therapeutic potential of CAR-T cells, their path to clinical trials, and their role in providing astonishing outcomes for patients with limited treatment options.

KEY TERMS IN CONTEXT:

A Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is a synthetic receptor engineered to be expressed on the surface of immune cells, particularly T cells, allowing them to recognize and bind to specific molecules or antigens present on cancer cells, triggering their destruction. CARs play a crucial role in CAR-T cell therapy by redirecting the immune cells to target and eliminate cancer cells with precision.

CAR-T cell therapy is a revolutionary form of immunotherapy that involves engineering T cells to express CARs on their surface. These modified CAR-T cells are then infused into the patient, where they can recognize and target cancer cells, leading to potent and often long-lasting success with remission.

Personalized medicine tailors medical treatments to individual patients based on their unique characteristics. In the context of CAR-T cell therapy, it involves genetically modifying a patient's own immune cells for customized and targeted cancer treatment.

Autologous therapy is a CAR-T cell therapy approach that uses the patient's own T cells for manufacturing, whereas allogeneic therapy utilizes donor T cells as a cell source, offering potential advantages in terms of scalability and accessibility.

Ian Thomson from Ypsomed and Roman Mathias from Lonza discuss the market trends in injectable delivery devices, their manufacturing process, and their future in sustainable pharma. Injectable devices offer various benefits, including improved convenience, accuracy, and safety, allowing for precise dosing while reducing the need for hospital visits.

Scaling Up Cell and Gene Therapies: Automation Is the Next Step

In this episode, we take a deep dive into manufacturing cell and gene therapies with Lonza expert Behnam Ahmadian Baghbaderani, executive director of Cell and Gene Therapy Process Development.

Cell and gene therapies have the potential to revolutionize the treatment of rare genetic diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative disorders. These therapies involve extracting cells or genetic material from a patient or donor, altering them and then re-injecting them back into the patient to provide a highly personalized treatment. However, the manufacturing process for these therapies is complex and expensive. To increase the availability of these therapies, the industry is making strides in scaling up the manufacturing process to reduce costs.

According to Behnam Ahmadian Baghbaderani, executive director of Cell and Gene Therapy Process Development at Lonza, “It is important to incorporate innovative technologies and reduce the cost of goods and production in order to make these therapies widely accessible for a large number of patients.”

One essential way to achieve this is through automation: automated cell culture systems, including bioreactors, can be used to grow and expand cells in a controlled environment, which reduces the need for manual labor while increasing consistency and reproducibility. Simply put, scaling up the manufacturing process using automation makes these therapies more widely accessible to the large number of patients who need them.

Curious to Know More?

Listen to this episode of A View On Cell and Gene Therapies to explore how cell and gene therapies are manufactured. Get an inside look into the next steps for the industry from Lonza expert Behnam Ahmadian Baghbaderani.

What If the Jab Were a Puff? A Look at Drug Delivery to the Lungs

In this episode we explore the advantages of using inhalers for drug delivery with Lonza experts Kim Shepard and Matt Ferguson.

In late 2022, China introduced the world’s first Covid-19 vaccine to be inhaled into the lungs. The Chinese scientists who developed the vaccine tout its ability to directly stimulate the immune system’s first line of defense – the lungs’ mucous membrane. However, vaccines are just the tip of the inhaler iceberg. While we all are familiar with metered-dose inhalers, as well as nebulizers, for asthma, a whole range of therapeutic options for many diseases are becoming available through the technology known as dry-powder inhalers, or DPI.

While the first commercially available DPIs appeared in the seventies, recent advances have opened the door to treatments for diabetes and even cancer. As with the Covid-19 vaccine, direct delivery to the lungs can be more efficient, but it also has the advantage of lowering toxicity by bypassing the liver altogether. Still, getting the correct amount of the molecule to the right part of the lung without unwanted immune responses is tricky business. Recently developed manufacturing techniques and new types of molecules make drug inhalers a continually evolving field full of potential advantages for patients.

Curious to Know More?

Listen to this episode of A View On Manufacturing Inhaled Drug Products to learn more about what it takes to develop effective treatments with insights from Lonza’s Associate Director, R&D, Kim Shepard and Matt Ferguson, Lonza’s Head of Respiratory Drug Delivery.

Capsules for Targeted Therapy: A Game-Changer in Modern Medicine

In this episode we are j oined by Vincent Jannin, Lonza's R&D Director, to explore Enprotect, the Award-Nominated Capsule Technology.

Imagine starting your day with a simple capsule that goes beyond simply dissolving in your stomach to reach the place in your body where it is needed most before releasing its medicine. That’s just what Lonza’s Enprotect enteric capsules do. They are designed to release medication directly into the small intestine, which represents a significant leap in pharmaceutical delivery. They improve patient compliance without increasing production costs and offer targeted delivery for specific therapies such as live biotherapeutic products. This targeted approach is crucial for treatments that require local delivery, for example for Crohn's disease, exocrine pancreatic insufficiency, or Clostridium difficile infection.

In this episode we hear from Vincent Jannin about how advances in polymer science have ushered in this new era of capsules capable of targeted drug delivery. This marvel of modern medicine combines the fields of chemistry, nanoscience, biology, and physics. The creation of a bilayer capsule—comprised of a structural layer for shape and a functional layer for targeted release—both required the development of new technologies and could itself serve as an enabling technology for future therapies.

Vincent Jannin and his team have published several peer-reviewed studies in open access scientific journals, which were mentioned in the podcast:

• In Vivo Evaluation of a Gastro-Resistant Enprotect Capsule under Postprandial Conditions (https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/15/11/2576)
• In Vivo Evaluation of a Gastro-Resistant HPMC-Based “Next Generation Enteric” Capsule (https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/14/10/1999)
• In vitro evaluation of the gastrointestinal delivery of acid-sensitive pancrelipase in a next generation enteric capsule using an exocrine pancreatic insufficiency disease model (https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378517322009966)

Curious to Know More?

Join us this episode as we explore the journey from a simple capsule to a sophisticated drug delivery system and how this advancement reflects a remarkable fusion of science and innovation. Discover how the Enprotect technology not only offers hope for more effective treatments but also exemplifies the relentless pursuit of medical advancement for the benefit of patients everywhere.

KEY TERMS IN CONTEXT:

An enteric capsule is a type of capsule specifically designed to bypass the acidic environment of the stomach and release its contents into the small intestine. The term 'enteric' relates to the small intestine. These capsules are formulated to remain intact in the stomach and dissolve only when they reach the more neutral pH levels of the intestine, ensuring targeted drug delivery.

Enteric polymers are materials used in the construction of enteric capsules. They are chosen for their ability to withstand acidic conditions (like those in the stomach) and dissolve at higher pH levels like those found in the small intestine. HPMC Acetate Succinate is an example of an enteric polymer used for the outer layer of the capsule to ensure the treatment’s proper dissolution and release in the intestine.

Live Biotherapeutics (LBPs) refer to live microorganisms used for therapeutic purposes. They are designed to interact with the human microbiome, particularly in the small intestine, and are sensitive to stomach environments. The protection LBPs need before their release in the desired intestinal location is facilitated by specialized capsules.

Fecal Material Transfer refers to a medical treatment involving the transfer of fecal matter from a healthy donor to a patient, often used for conditions like Clostridium difficile infections. The podcast highlighted the potential use of enteric capsules for the delivery of such treatments directly to the small intestine, thereby offering an alternative to more invasive procedures.